swiss medicaDoctors at Swiss Medica employ various delivery methods to ensure the effectiveness of stem cells in treating health conditions. The choice of stem cell delivery system depends on the condition being treated, the type of stem cells, and the patient’s unique needs. This way, we ensure maximum efficacy and safety in the delivery of stem cell therapy.
For additional details on various stem cell delivery methods, please refer to the information below.
Get a free online consultation
Only a doctor can determine the best delivery method in your case. Schedule a no-obligation appointment with our medical advisors today to discuss your options and get a personalized assessment.
Medical Advisor, Swiss Medica doctor
Invasive Methods
Invasive stem cell delivery methods are used when non-invasive options aren’t enough to get the desired results.
They can be local when stem cells are placed directly into specific tissues or organs for targeted delivery of stem cells directly to the site of injury or disease. Invasive local stem cell delivery methods are particularly useful when systemic delivery is ineffective or when the target tissue is difficult to reach non-invasively.
Invasive techniques are usually localized, but there are also systemic methods, such as IV therapy. Once administered, the therapeutic agents are distributed throughout the body, reaching various organs and tissues. This is particularly beneficial for conditions that require widespread treatment.
Intravenous Infusion (IV drip)
Stem cell intravenous infusion is the administration directly into the bloodstream through a vein. This kind of stem cell delivery method enables quick absorption and precise control over the amount of stem cells given. Once injected, stem cells can travel through the bloodstream to any part of the body, naturally moving to the area where they are needed to repair or treat an injury or disease.
We use intravenous infusion to deliver Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, exosomes, stromal-vascular fraction, and immune cells, such as macrophages, NK and regulatory T-cells (Tregs).
During the stem cell intravenous infusion, a doctor will slowly inject stem cells into a vein over a period of 30–60 minutes. After the infusion, the patient will need to rest for about 1–2 hours.
Here is how the administering a stem cell intravenous infusion looks like:
- 1
The procedure is conducted in a specially equipped room with all sterility conditions met. The doctor prepares the medication and explains the process in detail, answering any questions. The patient sits comfortably, and the injection site is prepared.
- 2
The doctor infuses the stem cells into the vein slowly over 30–60 minutes, using the equipment for IV infusion. During this time the patient lies on a comfortable bed and can read, listen to music or communicate with other patients.
- 3
After the procedure, the patient will have some rest and be observed for any adverse reactions.
- 4
We conduct laboratory testing before and after the procedure to ensure safety.
We also offer intravenous infusion options for more direct administration, which can be taken home for your convenience.
Intrathecal Injection
Intrathecal stem cell injection is the administration of stem cells via an injection into the spinal canal, a type of local invasive administration. This is the one of stem cell delivery methods that allows cells to travel through the cerebrospinal fluid to reach the brain and spinal cord, making it ideal for treating central nervous system conditions.
We use intrathecal stem cell therapy to deliver autologous MSC from bone marrow and neural stem cells (NSCs) so they can further repair damaged nerve tissue.
The duration of the procedure with this stem cell delivery system is relatively short, involving a single injection. Here is how the intrathecal injection looks like:
- 1
The procedure is done in a sterile environment, with the doctor using clean equipment and gloves. The doctor prepares stem cell medication and ensures the dosage.
- 2
The patient sits or lies down comfortably. The doctor will clean the injection site and apply a numbing agent to minimize discomfort.
- 3
The injection is done carefully in the patient’s lower back. The patient may feel slight pressure.
- 4
Afterward, the patient will need to rest in bed for a while and leave it only if necessary.
- 5
The doctor will monitor the patient to ensure everything is fine and answer any questions.
Intradermal injection
Intradermal administration, a type of stem cell delivery methods, means injecting the cells into the layer of the skin. There, stem cells can gradually be absorbed into the bloodstream.
Intradermal administration of stem cells is commonly used for skin regeneration, cosmetic enhancements, and scar treatment. This method offers targeted therapy for wound healing and aesthetic improvements.
We use this type of stem cell delivery methods to deliver MSC, exosomes and PRP for treating skin issues and for anti-age procedures.
Here is how stem cells can be administered intradermally:
- 1
The procedure is done in a sterile environment, with the doctor using clean equipment and gloves. The doctor prepares stem cell medication in the correct form and quantity.
- 2
The patient sits or lies down comfortably. The doctor cleans the injection site.
- 3
Afterward, the doctor makes multiple injections into the face and décolleté. They are done under local anesthesia (anesthetic cream). The patient may feel a slight prick. Afterward, the doctor applies gentle pressure to the site to stop any bleeding.
- 4
Then, the patient is monitored for any irritation, and the doctor will take care of any issues if they arise. As a rule, the face may swell and redden a little during the first 1–2 days, but the appearance is completely restored at the time of discharge from the clinic.
Intramuscular (IM) Injection
This is the administration of stem cells directly into a muscle. This stem cell delivery system allows for a slow and steady absorption of stem cells into the bloodstream, providing a sustained effect over time.
We use intramuscular injections to deliver stem cells and exosomes to target muscle areas, aiming to enhance healing and regeneration. Including preparation and monitoring, the entire process may take around 15–20 minutes.
Here are the major steps of intramuscular injection of stem cells:
- 1
The procedure takes place in a specially equipped room that adheres to all sterility conditions. While the doctor prepares the medication, the patient may ask any questions about the procedure and sit comfortably.
- 2
Before the procedure, the doctor will carefully sterilize the injection site to prevent infection.
- 3
During the procedure, a doctor will slowly inject the stem cells into the appropriate muscle site, usually in the upper arm or buttock. This process usually takes about 5–10 minutes.
- 4
The process is gentle, and the patient may feel slight pressure as the stem cells are administered.
- 5
After the injection, the doctor may massage the area lightly to help the cells distribute evenly.
- 6
The patient can expect to be monitored briefly before going about his/her day.Intra-Articular Injection.
Intra-articular injection
This method involves injecting stem cells directly into a joint, such as the knee or shoulder. It’s particularly beneficial for targeting joint-specific conditions, allowing the stem cells to work where they’re most needed.
We use intra-articular stem cell injections to treat joint issues like osteoarthritis by delivering stem cells and exosomes directly into the affected area. With preparation and post-injection observation, the whole procedure may take about 20–30 minutes.
The steps for the intra-articular stem cell application are as follows:
- 1
The procedure takes place in a specially equipped room, adhering to all sterility standards. While the doctor prepares the medication and sterilizes the injection site, the patient may ask any questions about the procedure.
- 2
The procedure is designed to be as comfortable as possible. The doctor may apply a local anesthetic to numb the area.
- 3
Then the doctor will carefully guide the injection into the joint space, using an ultrasound to ensure precision.
- 4
After that the doctor injects stem cells slowly during 10–15 minutes to ensure even distribution within the joint.
- 5
The patient might experience a sensation of fullness in the joint, but it’s generally well-tolerated.
- 6
After the injection, resting the joint for a short time will help the cells start their work.
Paravertebral Injection
This method involves the delivery of stem cells to the area around the spine. Paravertebral injections are typically used to address back pain and spinal issues, bringing relief directly to the source.
We use stem cell delivery methods, such as paravertebral injections, to target chronic back pain or spinal disc problems by placing stem cells and exosomes near the spine. When including preparation, imaging guidance, and monitoring, the total time is usually around 30–40 minutes.
Procedure steps of paravertebral injection:
- 1
The procedure of paravertebral injection takes place in a specially equipped room that adheres to all sterility standards. The patient may ask any troubling questions before the procedure.
- 2
The patient lies comfortably on his/her stomach with a face down on a procedure table.
- 3
The doctor sterilizes the injection site and applies local anesthesia to ensure the procedure is as painless as possible.
- 4
The doctor will use imaging guidance, such as fluoroscopy, to place the stem cells with precision.
- 5
After that, the doctor injects stem cells slowly, during 15–20 minutes near the spinal nerves.
- 6
After the injection, the patient may feel some warmth or pressure.
- 7
Resting afterward helps optimize the treatment’s effectiveness and lets the doctor monitor the patient for any immediate reactions.Retrobulbar Injection.
Retrobulbar Injection
This method involves injecting stem cells into the retrobulbar space, located behind the eyeball. Retrobulbar stem cell injections are used to treat eye conditions.
We use retrobulbar injections to administer stem cells and exosomes for treating conditions like optic nerve damage or certain retinal disorders. The entire process of this type of stem cell delivery methods, including preparation and a brief post-injection rest, typically takes about 20–30 minutes.
Here is how retrobulbar injection goes:
- 1
The procedure is done with great care in a specially equipped room.
- 2
The patient lies down and relaxes, so the doctor can clean and sterilize the area around the eye.
- 3
After numbing the area, the doctor injects stem cells slowly behind the eye to ensure their proper distribution
- 4
The patient might feel a little pressure, but the process is usually quick and well-tolerated.
- 5
The patient is asked to rest for a short period afterward to ensure everything settles properly without pain or visual disturbances.
Parametal
This stem cell delivery system involves injecting stem cells near the external urethral opening. Parameatal injections are typically used in treating certain urological conditions.
We use parameatal injections with stem cells and exosomes to treat conditions like urethral strictures, aiming to promote healing and restore normal function. With preparation and monitoring, the total time is generally around 15–20 minutes.
Major steps for parameatal injection:
- 1
The patient takes a comfortable position and prepares for the injection.
- 2
The doctor sterilizes the external urethral opening.
- 3
After that the doctor will gently administer the stem cells near the urethral opening, ensuring that the process is as comfortable as possible. The area will be numbed, so the patient should feel minimal discomfort. The injection takes about 5–10 minutes.
- 4
After the injection, the patient will be monitored briefly and given advice on how to care for the area as it heals.
Para-corpus cavernosum or Penile Injection
This involves injecting stem cells directly into the erectile tissue of the penis, known as the corpus cavernosum. It’s often used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.We use penile stem cell injections to enhance blood flow and improve erectile function by delivering stem cells directly to the penile tissue. Including preparation and post-injection care, the procedure may take around 20–30 minutes.
Here are the steps for the stem cell penile injection procedure:
- 1
The procedure is conducted with sensitivity and care. The patient takes a comfortable position on the back, and the doctor cleans and sterilizes his genital area.
- 2
After numbing the area, the doctor will place the stem cells into the erectile tissue. Stem cells are injected slowly during 10–15 minutes into the erectile tissue to promote regeneration and improve function.
- 3
The patient may feel a slight pressure, but the process is designed to be as comfortable as possible.
- 4
Post-treatment rest is advised to help the stem cells work effectively. Also, the patient is advised to avoid sexual activity for a short period after the procedure.
Contact us
Your health deserves expert attention. Set up a no-obligation appointment, and let a medical team guide you toward the most suitable treatment plan and delivery method for your condition.
Medical Advisor, Swiss Medica doctor
Non-Invasive Methods
These techniques allow stem cells to be applied locally to specific areas, such as muscles or joints through non-invasive methods like skin applications (masks), drops, enemas, and nasal inhalations. Local administration helps stem cells reach the target area and remain viable longer, maximizing therapeutic effects where needed.
Non-invasive stem cell delivery methods offer several advantages, including reduced risk of complications and a more comfortable experience for patients.
We use these types of administration to deliver Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, exosomes, secretome, Stromal-Vascular Fraction, PRP and macrophages (inhalation).
We also offer non-invasive stem cell delivery methjods that can be conveniently taken with you, such as exosomes and secretomes. These treatments are available in various forms, including nasal sprays, eye drops, skin applications, and enemas.
Skin Applications (Masks)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been effectively used to treat chronic wounds, surgical wounds, and diabetic ulcers. Skin stem cell applications help by reducing scarring, speeding up wound closure, and promoting the growth of new blood vessels. MSCs also support healing by boosting collagen production, which is important for tissue repair and regeneration.
Skin stem cell applications (masks) typically takes about 20–30 minutes:
- 1
The doctor prepares the medication, ensuring it is in the correct form and quantity, and explains the process.
- 2
The patient sits or lies down and relaxes while the skin is cleaned and dried.
- 3
Then, the doctor carefully and evenly applies stem cells with an applicator, without rubbing it in.
- 4
After the procedure, the patient can have some rest, while being monitored for any side effects.
Eye and Nasal drops
Stem cell eye drops and nasal stem cell therapies are designed to target specific areas with precision. For example, stem cell eye drops are used for treating various eye conditions, including glaucoma, dry eye disease, and retinal degenerative disorders.
Below is an overview of how stem cell eye drops and nasal drops are applied to ensure optimal results and patient comfort.
- 1
The procedure begins with the doctor preparing the drops in the correct form and quantity. The doctor also explains the procedure and answers any questions.
- 2
The patient sits or lies down and relaxes.
- 3
Depending on the application area, drops are instilled in the eyes or nose accordingly. That’s why the doctor may ask the patient to tilt the head back or to the side.
- 4
Then the patient should keep the same position for a while. At the same time, the doctor will monitor any potential side effects.
Nasal Spray
Stem cell nasal sprays are primarily used in the treatment of neurological disorders, leveraging the unique delivery method to bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and directly target the brain. The mechanism involves the migration of stem cells from the nasal cavity through the olfactory neural pathway directly to the brain.
Here are the steps for stem cell nasal spray application:
- 1
The doctor prepares the stem cell medication in the correct form and quantity.
- 2
The patient sits or lies down and relaxes.
- 3
Then the doctor administers nasal spray carefully.
- 4
After that, the doctor ensures that the patient experiences no side effects.
Inhalation
Stem cell therapy inhalation is used for treating various lung diseases and injuries. Stem cell inhalation can achieve a high level of distribution in the lungs and maintain high viability. Nebulized stem cells can reach deep into the lung tissue and airways.
Here are the steps for stem cell therapy inhalation:
- 1
The doctor prepares the stem cell medication and assembles the nebulizer.
- 2
The patient is asked to sit upright to ensure effective inhalation.
- 3
Then the doctor places the nasal mask securely over the patient’s nose or inserts the mouthpiece carefully.
- 4
After that, the patient starts inhaling slowly and deeply until the nebulizer cup is empty. Usually this procedure takes 10–15 minutes.
- 5
The doctor monitors the patient during and after the procedure for side effects.
Rectal Administration
Stem cell enemas, especially with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are showing promise in treating inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) like ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. This method delivers treatment directly to the inflamed areas of the colon, which is helpful since IBD mainly affects the digestive system.
Here is how the procedure of Enema Administration goes:
- 1
The procedure starts with the doctor preparing the stem cell medication in the correct form and quantity. Also, the doctor explains how the procedure will go and answers all the questions.
- 2
The patient lies on their side with knees drawn to the abdomen. This way the procedure goes with comfort and safely. The rectal area is cleaned and dried, so moisture does not interfere with the application.
- 3
Then, the doctor carefully administers the medication using a rectal syringe or enema.
- 4
The patient is asked to lie down for a while and monitored for any discomfort or side effects.
Contact us
Ensure you’re getting the right care. Book a no-obligation consultation, and let a medical advisor guide you toward the most appropriate treatment plan and delivery method for your needs.
Medical Advisor, Swiss Medica doctor
Ready to Explore More?
Discover the full potential of stem cells and dive into additional insightful articles.
List of References
Caplan Henry , Olson Scott D. , Kumar Akshita , George Mitchell , Prabhakara Karthik S. , Wenzel Pamela , Bedi Supinder , Toledano-Furman Naama E. , Triolo Fabio , Kamhieh-Milz Julian , Moll Guido , Cox Charles S. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapeutic Delivery: Translational Challenges to Clinical Application. Frontiers in Immunology, VOL.10, 2019. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01645 DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01645
Ojeh, N.; Pastar, I.; Tomic-Canic, M.; Stojadinovic, O. Stem Cells in Skin Regeneration, Wound Healing, and Their Clinical Applications. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 25476-25501. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161025476
Jo H, Brito S, Kwak BM, Park S, Lee MG, Bin BH. Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Skin Regeneration and Rejuvenation. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 27;22(5):2410. doi: 10.3390/ijms22052410. PMID: 33673711; PMCID: PMC7957487.
Díaz-García D, Filipová A, Garza-Veloz I, Martinez-Fierro ML. A Beginner’s Introduction to Skin Stem Cells and Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Oct 13;22(20):11030. doi: 10.3390/ijms222011030. PMID: 34681688; PMCID: PMC8538579.
Sotiropulos K, Kourkoutas D, Almaliotis D, Ploumidou K, Karampatakis V. Ocular stem cells: a narrative review of current clinical trials. Int J Ophthalmol. 2022 Sep 18;15(9):1529-1537. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2022.09.17. PMID: 36124200; PMCID: PMC9453397.
Zhang YT, He KJ, Zhang JB, Ma QH, Wang F, Liu CF. Advances in intranasal application of stem cells in the treatment of central nervous system diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021 Mar 24;12(1):210. doi: 10.1186/s13287-021-02274-0. PMID: 33762014; PMCID: PMC7992869.
Salehi MS, Jurek B, Karimi-Haghighi S, Nezhad NJ, Mousavi SM, Hooshmandi E, Safari A, Dianatpour M, Haerteis S, Miyan JA, Pandamooz S, Borhani-Haghighi A. Intranasal application of stem cells and their derivatives as a new hope in the treatment of cerebral hypoxia/ischemia: a review. Rev Neurosci. 2022 Feb 7;33(6):583-606. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0163. PMID: 35130375.
Li G, Bonamici N, Dey M, Lesniak MS, Balyasnikova IV. Intranasal delivery of stem cell-based therapies for the treatment of brain malignancies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2018 Feb;15(2):163-172. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1378642. Epub 2017 Sep 18. PMID: 28895435; PMCID: PMC5847369.
Fröhlich, E. Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Products in Lung Diseases—Intravenous Administration versus Inhalation. Pharmaceutics 2021, 13, 232. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13020232
Brave H, MacLoughlin R. State of the Art Review of Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Lung Disease, and the Potential for Aerosol Delivery. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Sep 3;21(17):6435. doi: 10.3390/ijms21176435. PMID: 32899381; PMCID: PMC7503246.
Stavely, R., Robinson, A.M., Fraser, S. et al. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells mitigate chronic colitis and enteric neuropathy via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative mechanisms. Sci Rep 14, 6649 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57070-6
Tian CM, Zhang Y, Yang MF, Xu HM, Zhu MZ, Yao J, Wang LS, Liang YJ, Li DF. Stem Cell Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of Achievements and Challenges. J Inflamm Res. 2023 May 16;16:2089-2119. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S400447. PMID: 37215379; PMCID: PMC10199681.